Kidney and liver tests use blood and urine samples to assess the health and function of these organs. Kidney tests measure creatinine, BUN, GFR, and look for abnormal substances in urine. Liver tests assess liver function, ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels. These tests aid in diagnosing and monitoring kidney and liver diseases, and treatment effectiveness.
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The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test measures AFP levels in the blood, which can indicate liver disease, cancers, and pregnancy complications. In tumors, AFP is a common marker for liver cancer and germ cell tumors. Elevated levels can aid in diagnosing and monitoring these cancers, but other conditions can also cause elevated AFP levels, necessitating further testing for accurate diagnosis.
The ALT Liver test measures levels of the enzyme ALT in the blood, which indicates liver damage or inflammation. Elevated ALT levels may suggest liver diseases like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or fatty liver disease, caused by factors like medications, toxins, or alcohol. The test is used with other liver function tests for diagnosis and monitoring. However, elevated ALT may also result from muscle injury, strenuous exercise, or medications, requiring consultation with a healthcare provider for interpretation and care.
An ammonia test measures the level of ammonia in blood, a waste product from protein breakdown. Normal liver function converts ammonia into urea, excreted in urine. Elevated ammonia levels can indicate liver disease, kidney issues, or genetic disorders. The test is commonly part of metabolic or liver function tests, used to monitor condition treatment or diagnose symptoms. A blood sample is drawn from a vein, with fasting or preparation instructions necessary before the test.
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars in the human body, present in saliva and pancreas. It aids in carbohydrate digestion and is utilized in the food industry to convert starches into sugars for various products.
The Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) is a blood test that evaluates key chemicals like glucose, calcium, electrolytes, and kidney function markers. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, and electrolyte imbalances. This test is routinely ordered during health check-ups or to evaluate specific medical concerns.
The BUN/Creatinine ratio test measures the ratio of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine, waste products filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine. A high ratio could indicate dehydration, high protein diet, kidney issues, or gastrointestinal bleeding, while a low ratio may suggest liver disease, malnutrition, or muscle injury. This test helps assess kidney function for conditions like chronic kidney disease and heart failure. Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial for acting on test results.
The Creatinine, Random Urine test measures creatinine levels in urine to assess kidney function. This test is crucial for screening kidney health and monitoring related conditions, including kidney disease. Abnormal results may suggest kidney dysfunction or other issues, emphasizing the need for further consultation with a healthcare provider to determine the necessary steps.
The Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) blood test measures GGT levels, primarily found in the liver, to detect liver damage/disease like hepatitis or cirrhosis. This test aids in diagnosing liver conditions and monitoring alcohol consumption to prevent increased GGT levels. Preparation involves fasting and following healthcare provider's instructions. Elevated GGT levels may require further testing for proper treatment, underscoring the need for discussion with a healthcare provider for appropriate management.
The lipase test measures the levels of lipase enzyme in the blood, which is produced by the pancreas to aid in digesting fats. Elevated lipase levels can indicate pancreatitis. The test is often conducted with amylase to diagnose and monitor pancreatitis, especially when symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting are present. A blood sample is taken and sent for analysis, with results typically available within a few days. Abnormal results may require further testing to determine the cause. Following test provider instructions, including fasting, is important before the test.
Liver function tests (LFTs) are blood tests that evaluate liver health by measuring levels of enzymes and proteins produced by the liver. Common tests include ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, serum albumin, total protein, PT, and INR. Abnormal results may indicate liver injury, disease, or dysfunction. Healthcare providers use LFTs to diagnose liver diseases like hepatitis, monitor liver conditions, and assess medication effects. Abnormal findings may require further testing or treatment by healthcare providers.
A renal function panel is a group of tests used by healthcare providers to evaluate kidney function and diagnose kidney-related disorders. The panel typically includes tests for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, and urinalysis. This comprehensive panel helps assess kidney health and guide treatment for conditions such as kidney disease, kidney stones, and electrolyte imbalances. It is recommended for individuals with risk factors for kidney disease, like diabetes or high blood pressure.
The total glutathione test measures levels of three forms of glutathione in the body – reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Glutathione is a crucial antioxidant that protects cells from damage by free radicals and oxidative stress. Low glutathione levels are linked to health issues, including chronic illnesses and aging. This test identifies deficiencies and guides treatment to rebalance the body.
A uric acid test measures uric acid levels in the blood, a waste product from purine breakdown. High levels can lead to gout, kidney stones, and kidney disease. The test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions, and may require preparation like avoiding certain substances. Results are reported in mg/dL, with normal levels varying by gender. Abnormal results may indicate underlying medical conditions that need further evaluation and treatment by a healthcare provider.
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