Liver function tests (LFTs) are blood tests that are used to measure the levels of specific enzymes and proteins in the blood that are produced by the liver. These tests are used to evaluate the overall functioning of the liver and to help diagnose liver diseases or conditions.
Some common liver function tests include:
1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST): These enzymes are released into the blood when the liver is damaged. Elevated levels of ALT and AST may indicate liver injury, inflammation, or disease.
2. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): This enzyme is found in the liver, bile ducts, and bone. Elevated levels of ALP may indicate liver damage or obstruction of the bile ducts.
3. Bilirubin: Bilirubin is a waste product produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood may indicate liver disease or obstruction of the bile ducts.
4. Serum albumin and total protein: These are proteins produced by the liver. Abnormal levels of these proteins may indicate liver disease or malnutrition.
5. Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR): These tests measure how long it takes for blood to clot. Abnormal results may indicate liver dysfunction.
LFTs are typically ordered by healthcare providers to assess liver function, diagnose liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, monitor the progression of liver disease, or evaluate the effects of medications on the liver. Abnormal results may require further testing or treatment by a healthcare provider.
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