Testosterone is a hormone produced primarily in the testicles in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries in females. It plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics like increased muscle mass and bone density.
A testosterone test measures the levels of testosterone in the blood, which can help diagnose conditions related to testosterone deficiency or excess. There are two main types of testosterone tests: total testosterone and free testosterone.
Total testosterone test: This test measures the total amount of testosterone in the blood, including both bound and unbound forms. Bound testosterone is attached to proteins in the blood and is inactive, while free testosterone is unbound and available for use by the body. Total testosterone levels can fluctuate throughout the day and can be affected by factors like age, sex, and overall health.
Free testosterone test: This test specifically measures the amount of unbound or free testosterone in the blood. Free testosterone is the bioavailable form of testosterone that is active in the body and can affect various bodily functions. Low levels of free testosterone may be associated with symptoms like fatigue, decreased libido, and muscle weakness.
Both total and free testosterone tests can help healthcare providers assess hormonal health and diagnose conditions like hypogonadism (low testosterone levels), infertility, and certain types of cancer.
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